Association of Obesity with Knee Joint Osteoarthritis in Females at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability, with knee OA being the most common manifestation. Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of knee OA, particularly in females. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and knee OA in females at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included 130 female patients aged 45-70 years who were diagnosed with knee OA. Participants were categorized based on their BMI into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. A comprehensive medical history was taken, including family history of OA, menopausal status, and knee symptoms. A physical examination was performed to assess knee deformities, joint swelling, and quadriceps strength. The clinical diagnosis of knee OA was confirmed using established criteria, including knee pain, crepitus, and morning stiffness. Results: The study found a significant relationship between higher BMI and increased prevalence of knee OA. The obese group had the highest proportion of knee OA cases, followed by the overweight group. Additionally, symptoms such as knee pain, morning stiffness, and joint swelling were more prevalent among obese individuals. The association between obesity and knee OA was further supported by a strong family history of OA and a higher incidence of physical limitations, such as difficulty climbing stairs and performing daily activities. Conclusion: This study supports the growing body of evidence linking obesity with knee OA in females. Both mechanical overload and systemic inflammation due to excess weight contribute significantly to the development and progression of knee OA. Weight management and increased physical activity are crucial strategies for the prevention and management of knee OA. Future research should focus on long-term studies to explore the effects of obesity on knee joint health and evaluate targeted interventions.
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References
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