AUTOLOGOUS FAT TRANSFER: CONTROVERSIES AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
Keywords:
Autologous fat, Controversies, Clinical applications
Abstract
Autologous fat transfer is a technique widely used in cosmetic surgery to correct folds of the face. Autologous fat possesses many qualities of ideal filler, including its lack of immunogenicity, abundant supply, relatively low cost and potential for durable results, however, there exists a controversy concerning the optimal donor sites, the optimal techniques of harvesting, processing, injecting fat into the recipient sites and graft survival. In recent years there has been a renewed interest and more widespread clinical use of fat grafts in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, however, the scientific literature offers very few studies when concerning its use in the maxillofacial region. The aim of this scientific review is to focus on resolving the controversies surrounding the autologous fat transfer and to highlight its possible clinical applications in the field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
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References
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2. Peer L.A. Loss of weight and volume in human fat grafts: with postulation of a ‘‘cell survival theory’’. Plast Reconstr Surg 1950; 5: 217.
3. Illouz Y.G. The fat cell “graft”. A new technique to fill depressions. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986; 78: 122-3
4. Coleman S.R. The technique of periorbitallipoin filtration. Oper Tech Plast Surg 1997; 1: 120-6.
5. Ellenbogen R. Free autogenous pearl fat grafts in the face—a preliminary report of a rediscovered technique. Ann Plast Surg. 1986; 16:179-94.
6. Carraway J.H., Mellow C.G. Syringe aspiration and fat concentra¬tion: A simple technique for autologous fat injection. Ann Plast Surg. 1990; 24: 293-96.
7. Coleman SR. Structural fat grafts: the ideal filler? Clin Plast Surg. 2001; 28: 111-19.
8. Guerrerosantos J. Long-term outcome of autologous fat transplan¬tation in aesthetic facial recontouring: Sixteen years of experience with 1936 cases. Clin Plast Surg. 2000; 27: 515-43.
9. Kaufman M.R., Miller T.A., Huang C., Roostaien J., Wasson K.L., Ashley R.K., et al. Autologous fat transfer for facial recontouring: Is there science behind the art? Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 119: 2287-96.
10. Guijarro-Martínez R., Miragall Alba L., Marqués Mateo M., Puche Torres M., Pascual Gil J.V. Autologous fat transfer to the cranio-maxillofacial region: Updates and controversies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2011; 39: 359-63.
11. Rohrich R.J., Sorokin E.S., Brown S.A. In search of improved fat transfer viability: A quantitative analysis of the role of centrifugation and harvest site. PlastReconstrSurg2004; 113: 391-5.
12. Ullmann Y., Shoshani O., Fodor A., et al. Searching for the favorable donor site for fat injection: In vivo study using the nude mice model. DermatolSurg 2005; 31: 1304-7.
13. Padoin A.V., Braga-Silva J., Martins P., et al. Sources of processed lipoaspirate cells: influence of donor site on cell concentration. PlastReconstrSurg 2008; 122: 614-8.
14. Moseley T.A., Zhu M., Hedrick M.H. Adipose-derived stem and progenitor cells as fillers in plastic and reconstructive surgery. PlastReconstrSurg 2006; 118:121S-8S.
15. Pu L.L.Q. Discussion: Sources of processed lipoaspirate cells: Influence of donor site on cell concentration. PlastReconstrSurg 2008; 122: 619-20.
16. Guerrerosantos J., Gonzalez-Mendoza A., Masmela Y., et al. Long-term survival of free fat grafts in muscle: An experimental study in rats. Aesthetic PlastSurg 1996; 20: 403-8.
17. Sommer B., Sattler G. Current concepts of fat graft survival: Histology of aspirated adipose tissue and review of the literature. DermatolSurg 2000; 26: 1159-66.
18. Moore J.H., Kolaczynski J.W., Morales L.M., et al. Viability of fat obtained by syringe suction lipectomy: Effects of local anesthesia with lidocaine. Aesthetic PlastSurg 1995; 19: 335-9.
19. Shoshani O., Berger J., Fodor L., et al. The effect of lidocaine and adrenaline on the viability of injected adipose tissue: An experimental study in nude mice. J Drugs Dermatol 2005; 4: 311-6.
20. Pu L.L.Q. Towards more rationalized approach to autologous fat grafting. J PlastReconstrAesthet Surg.2012; 65: 413-9.
21. Keck M., Janke J., Ueberreiter K. The influence of different local anaesthetics on the viability of preadipocytes. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2007; 39: 215-9.
22. Nguyen A., Pasyk K.A., Bouvier T.N., Hassett C.A., Argenta L.C. Comparative study of survival of autologous adipose tissue taken and transplanted by different techniques. PlastReconstrSurg1990;85: 378-87.
23. Pu L.L., Cui X., Fink B.F., Cibull M.L., Gao D. The viability of fatty tissues within adipose aspirates after conventional liposuction: A comprehensive study. Ann Plast Surg 2005; 54: 288-92.
24. Von Heimburg D., Hemmrich K., Haydarlioglu S., Staiger H., Pallua N. Comparison of viable cell yield from excised versus aspirated adipose tissue. Cells Tissues Organs 2004; 178: 87-92.
25. Coleman S.R. Facial recontouring with lipostructure. Clin Plast Surg 1997; 24: 347-67.
26. Nordstrom R.E., Wang J., Fan J., et al. “Spaghetti” fat grafting: A new technique. PlastReconstrSurg1997; 99: 917-8.
27. Tzikas T.L. Lipografting: Autologous fat grafting for total facial rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg2004; 20: 135-43.
28. Rubin A., Hoefflin S.M. Fat purification: Survival of the fittest. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 109: 1463-4.
29. Erdim M., Tezel E., Numanoglu A., Sav A. The effects of the size of liposuction cannula on adipocyte survival and the optimum temperature for fat graft storage: An experimental study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62: 1210-14.
30. Gonzalez A.M., Lobocki C., Kelly C.P., Jackson I.T. An alternative method for harvest and processing fat grafts: An in vitro study of cell viability and survival. PlastReconstrSurg 2007; 120: 285-94.
31. Coleman S.R. Structural fat grafting: More than a permanent filler. PlastReconstrSurg 2006; 118: 108-20.
32. Khater R. Autologous fat transplantation: Clinical and experimental researches. Thesis for conferring a Ph.D. title in medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2010.
33. Ersek R.A. Transplantation of purified autologous fat: A 3-year follow-up is disappointing. Plast. Reconst. Surg. 1991; 87: 219-28.
34. MacRae J.W., Tholpady S.S., Katz A.J., Gampper T.G., Drake D.B., Ogle R.C., Morgan R.F. Human adipocyte viability testing: A new assay Aesth. Surg. J 2003; 23:265-69.
35. Khater R., Atanassova P., Anastassov Y., Pellerin P., Martinot-Duquennoy V. Clinical and experimental study of autologous fat grafting after processing by centrifugation and serum lavage Aesth Plast Surg 2009;33: 37-43.
36. Smith P., Adams W.P., Lipschits A.H., Chau B., Sorokin E., Rohrich R.J, Brown S.A. Autologous human fat grafting: Effect of harvesting and preparation techniques on adipocyte graft survival Plast. Reconstr. Surg 117: 1836-44.
37. Ramon Y., Shoshani O., Peled I.J., Gilhar A., Carmi N., Fodor L., et al: Enhancing the take of injected adipose tissue by a simple method for concentrating fat cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 115: 197-201.
38. Chajchir A., Benzaquen I., Wexler E., et al. Fat injection. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1990; 14: 127-36.
39. Canizares O., Scharff C.L., Nguyen P.D., et al. Centrifugation creates unique fractions of lipoaspirate: Implications for fat graft survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 126(S): 75.
40. Pallua N., Pulsfort A.K., Suschek C., Wolter T.P. Content of the growth factors b FGF, IGF-1, VEGF, and PDGF-BB in freshly harvested lipoaspirate after centrifugation and incubation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 123: 826-33.
41. Marques A., Brenda E., Saldiva P.H., Amarante M.T., Ferreira M.C. Autologous fat grafts: A quantitative and morphometric study in rabbits. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1994; 28: 241-47.
42. Hoareau L., Bencharif K., Girard A.C., Gence L., Delarue P., Hulard O., Festy F., Roche R. Effect of centrifugation and washing on adipose graft viability: A new method to improve graft efficiency. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013; 66: 712-9.
43. Conde´-Green A., de Amorim N.F., Pitanguy I. Influence of decantation, washing and centrifugation on adipocyte and mesenchymal stem cell content of aspirated adipose tissue: A comparative study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010; 63: 1375-81.
44. Calabria R. Fat grafting: Fact or fiction? Aesthet Surg J 2005; 25: 55.
45. Etzkorn J.R., Divine J.M., Lopez J.J., Cohen G. Autologous Fat Transfer: Techniques, Indications, and Future Investigation. Cosmet Dermatol. 2011; 24: 470-76.
46. Cook T., Nakra T., Shorr N., et al. Facial recontouring with autog¬enous fat. Facial Plast Surg. 2004; 20: 145-47.
47. Pu L.L., Cui X., Fink B.F., et al. Adipose aspirates as a source for human processed lipoaspirate cells after optimal cryopreservation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 117: 1845-50.
48. Atik B., Ozturk G., Erdogan E., et al. Comparison of techniques for long-term storage of fat grafts: an experimental study. PlastReconstrSurg 2006; 118: 1533-37.
49. Moscatello D.K., Dougherty M., Narins R.S., et al. Cryopreservation of human fat for soft tissue augmentation: Viability requires use of cryoprotectant and controlled freezing and storage. Dermatol Surg 2005; 31: 1506-10.
50. Cui X.D., Gao D.Y., Fink B.F., et al. Cryopreservation of human adipose tissues. Cryobiology 2007; 55: 269-78.
51. Carpaneda C.A., Ribeiro M.T. Study of the histologic alterations and viability of the adipose graft in humans. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1993; 17: 43-7.
52. Carpaneda C.A., Ribeiro M.T. Percentage of graft viability versus injected volume in adipose autotransplants. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1994; 18: 17-9.
53. Toledo L.S. Syringe liposculpture. Clin Plast Surg 1996; 23: 683-93.
54. Hörl H.W., Feller A.M., Biemer E. Technique for liposuction fat reim-plantation and long-term volume evaluation by magnetic reso¬nance imaging. Ann Plast Surg. 1991; 26: 248-58.
55. Rieck B., Schlaak S. Measurement in vivo of the survival rate in autologous adipocyte transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003; 111: 2315-23.
56. Miller J.J., Popp J.C. Fat hypertrophy after autologous fat transfer. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 18: 228-231.
57. Guaraldi G., De Fazio D., Orlando G., Murri R., Wu A., Guaraldi P., et al: Facial lipohypertrophy in HIV-infected subjects who underwent autologous fat tissue transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 13-15.
58. Teimourian B. Blindness following fat injections. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988; 82: 361.
59. Yoon S.S., Chang D.I., Chung K.C. Acute fatal stroke immediately following autologous fat injection into the face. Neurology 2003; 61: 1151-52.
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How to Cite
1.
Naik VG, Khandeparker RVS, Berwal V, Savant K. AUTOLOGOUS FAT TRANSFER: CONTROVERSIES AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY. Med. res. chronicles [Internet]. 2015May26 [cited 2024May4];2(3):412-24. Available from: https://medrech.com/index.php/medrech/article/view/101
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Review Article
