RISK FACTORS FOR SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION IN UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN JIMMA ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Abstract
Background: The effects of malnutrition on human performance, health and survival have been the subject of extensive research for several decades and studies show that malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors for severe acute malnutrition among children under five years of age in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, 2015.
Methods: Facility-based age-matched case-control study was conducted in April 2015, Jimma zone. Data were collected by face to face interview and pre-test was conducted on 5 % of the study population. Data were entered by Epi data and exported to EPI-INFO software version 3.5.1 for Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate conditional logistic analysis.
Result: A total of 204 study subjects below the age of five were analyzed. Risk factors for severe acute malnutrition were maternal illiteracy (OR=3.25, 95% CI 1.47-7.17), the monthly family income of less than 50 $ (OR =3.14, 95%CI 1.72-5.73), birth interval less than one year (OR=4.33, 95% CI=2.09-8.94). Lack of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life (AOR=3.22, 95% CI 1.31-7.91), monthly income less than 50$ (AOR=5.98, 95% CI 2.62- 13.66), discarding the colostrums (AOR=7.30, 95%CI 2.07-16.37) and bottle feeding (AOR=2.68, 95% CI 1.26-5.70) were found to be independent predictors for the occurrence of Severe Acute Malnutrition after the effects of other significant risk factors were controlled.
Conclusion and recommendation: The findings of this study confirm the association of severe acute malnutrition with an inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices and monthly income less than 50$. To reduce childhood malnutrition due to emphasis should be given to improving the knowledge and practice of parents on appropriate infant and young child feeding practices.
Downloads
References
2. Washington D.C. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) Project, Academy for Educational Development 2002.
3. Murray CJL and AD Lopez the global burden of diseases: A comparative assessment of mortality, disability from disease, injury and risk factors in 1990 projected to 2020.
4. Yimer G. Malnutrition among children in Southern Ethiopia: levels and risk factors. Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2000; 14(3):283-292.
5. UNICEF. The state of the world’s children. New York 2005.
6. Heikens GT, Manary M. Wasting disease in African children. The challenges ahead, Malawi Med J, 2009; 21(3)101-105.)
7. Collins, S., Dent, N., Binns, P., Bahwere, P., Sadler, K. & Hallam, A. Management of severe acute malnutrition in children. Lancet 2006; 368:1992-2000.
8. UNICEF. Strategies for improving the nutrition of children in developing countries. New York 2000.
9. Paula L. Griffiths and Margaret E. Bentley. Journal of Nutrition: 2001; 131:2692-2700.
10. Girma, Woldemariam and Emotions Genebo. Determinants of Nutritional Status of Women and Children in Ethiopia Calverton, Maryland, USA:ORC Macro 2002.
11. Zewditu G, Urga K, Genebo T, Ayele N. Review of the status of malnutrition and trends in Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2001; 15(2):55-74.
12. Haidar J, Abate G, Kogi-Makau W, Sorensen P. Risk factors for a child undernutrition with a human rights edge in rural villages of North Wollo, Ethiopia. East Afr med J 2005; 82(12):625
13. Odunayo SI, Oyewole AO. Risk factors for malnutrition among rural Nigerian children. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006; 15(4):491-495.
14. Sethi V, Kashyap S, Seth V. Effect of nutrition education of mothers on infant feeding practices. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2003; 70, 6: 463-466
15. Sachdev HPS, Krishna J, Puri RK. Satyanarayana L, Kumar S. Water supplementation in exclusively breastfed infants during 2002.
16. Nutritional status of women and children in Uttar Pradesh Institute of Applied Statistics and Development Studies (IASDS) 1999.
17. F. Savage King. Helping Mothers to Breastfeed. Revised Edition. Nairobi AMREF 1992
18. UNICEF. Strategies for improving nutrition of children and women in developing countries New York 1990
19. Sommerfelt, A. Elizabeth, and S. Kathryn. Children’s nutritional status. DHS Comparative Studies No. 12.Calverton, Maryland, USA: Macro International Inc 994.
20. Getaneh.T, Assefa A., and, Taddesse Z. Protein-energy malnutrition in urban children: Prevalence and determinants. Eth. Med. J. 1998; 36(3)
21. Editorial: Improving Nutritional dietary density and nutria bioavailability for young children. Less appreciated considerations. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 1990; 36:5.
22. Coulter JBm Omer MI, Sliman GI, Moody JB,Macfarlane SB, Hendrickse RG. Protein-energy malnutrition in northern Sudan: prevalence of socioeconomic factors and family background. Ann Trop Pediatric. 1996; 8(2):96-102
23. Radep BZ, Brady P, Siziya S, Todd H. Maternal risk factors for childhood malnutrition in the Mazowe District of Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med.1996;42(8):240-244
24. Engle, P.L., and P. Menon. Urbanization and care giving: Evidence from the south and eastern Africa. San Luis, California: Department of Psychology and Human Development, California Polytechnic, Stat. University1996; pp 4-24.
25. Steinhoff M C, Hilder A S, Strilatha V L, and Mukarji D. Prevalence of malnutrition in Indian pre-school age children: a survey of wasting and stunting in rural Tamil Nadu. Bulletin of WHO 1986; 64(3): 457-463.
