THE DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Keywords:
IPV, Pregnant women, Social habit
Abstract
Background: It has been documented that pregnant women who are exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are prone to the risk of complications both for the mother and the baby. There is a need to identify the reasons for this abuse.
Objectives: To identify the prevalence, determinants, and consequences of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among pregnant women in Tertiary Health Institutions in Abia State.
Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional Study of 214 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in the two Tertiary Health Institutions in Abia State using pretested questionnaires administered to attendees who consented to participate. Analysis of data was done using SPSS Version 16.
Results: The mean age of the 214 participants was 30.15 ± 5.88 years. The Prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant women in our study was 32.7 %( 70/214). We did not establish any statistical association between age of women or that of her partner, duration of the marriage, her religion, parity or educational status of the partner and IPV (p>0.05). We established a statistically significant association between social habits of the partner and IPV (p< 0.05). About 31 %( 22) of the IPV victims had sustained an emotional/ physical injury while 20 % (14) had been hospitalized. Social habits of the spouse (13%) were the highest trigger for the abuse followed by financial problems (10%). Majority of victims 68.6 %( 48) did not feel the abuse should be reported.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of IPV among pregnant women.
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References
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32. Ameh N, Abdul MA. Prevalence of domestic violence amongst pregnant women in Zaria, Nigeria. Annals Afr Med. 2004; 3: 4-6.
33. Worku A, Addisie M. Sexual violence among female high school students in Debark, North West Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. 2002; 79: 96-9.
34. Avdibegovic E, Sinanovic O. Consequences of domestic violence on women’s mental health in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croat Med J. 2006; 47:730-41.
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2. World Health Organization. Global and a Regional estimate of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of Intimate Partner Violence and nonpartner sexual violence, 2013.
3. De Bruyn M. Violence related to pregnancy and abortion: A violation of human rights. Sex Health Exch. 2002;3:14-5.
4. Black MC, Basile KC, Breidig MJ, smith SG, Walters ML, Merrick MT, et al. The National Intimate partner and sexual violence survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary report. Atlanta (GA): National Centre for Injury Prevention and Control, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/NISVS_Report2010-a.pdf.
5. Ahmad F, Hogg-Johnson S, Stewart DE, Levinson W. Violence involving intimate partners: prevalence in Canadian family practice. Can Fam Physician. 2007; 53(3):461-468.
6. Ruiz-Perez I, Plazaola-Castano J, Del Rio-Lozano M. Physical health consequences of Intimate Partner Violence in Spanish women. Eur J Public Health. 2007; 17(5): 437-443.
7. Perales MT, Cripe SM, Lam N, Sanchez E, Williams MA. Prevalence, types, and pattern of intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Lima, Peru. Violence Against Women. 2009; 15(2):224-250.
8. Silverman JG, Decker MR, Saggert N , Balaiah D, Raj A. Intimate partner violence and HIV infection among married Indian women. JAMA. 2008;300(6): 703-710.
9. Devries KM, Kishor S, Johnson H, Stockl H, Bacchus L, Garcia-Moreno C, et al. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence data from 19 countries. Reprod Health Matters. 2010; 18(36): 1-13.
10. Shamu S, Abrahams N, Temmerman M, Musekiwa A, Zarowsky C. A systematic review of African studies on intimate partner violence against women: prevalence and risk factors. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 8; 6(3): e17591. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017591.
11. Nasir K, Adnan A. Hyde: Violence against pregnant women in developing countries. Eur J Public Health. 2003; 13: 105-7.
12. Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Ellsberg M, et al. WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
13. National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF International. 2014. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International.
14. Dunn LL, Oths KS. Prenatal predictors of intimate partner abuse. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2004; 33: 54- 63.
15. Coker AL, Sanderson M, Dong B. Partner violence during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol. 2004;18: 260-269.
16. Bohn DK, Tebben JG, Campbell JC. Influences of income, education, age and ethnicity on physical abuse before and during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2004; 33(5):561-571.
17. Saltzman LE, Johnson CH, Gilbert BC, Goodwin MM. Physical abuse around the time of pregnancy: an examination of prevalence and risk factors in 16 states.
Matern Child Health J. 2003; 7(1): 31-43.
18. Anderson BA, Marshak HH, Hebbeler DL. Identifying intimate partner violence at an entry to prenatal care: clustering routine clinical information. J Midwifery Women’s Health. 2002;47(5): 353-359.
19. National Centre for Injury Prevention and Control. Costs of intimate partner violence against women in the United States. Atlanta (GA): Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; 2003. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/IPVBook-a.pdf.
20. National Centre for Injury Prevention and Family Violence Prevention Fund. The health care costs of domestic and sexual violence. San Francisco (CA): FVPF; 2010. Available athttp://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/userfiles/file/HealthCare/Health_Care_Costs_of_Domestic_and_Sexual_Violence.pdf
21. Rodrigues T, Rocha L, Barros H. Physical abuse during pregnancy and preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 198(2): 171.e1-e6.
22. Martin SL, Li Y, Casanueva C, HarrisBritt A, et al. Intimate partner violence and women’s depression before and during pregnancy. Violence Against Women. 2006; 12(3): 221-39.
23. Ahmed A. Maternal Mortality Trend in Ethiopia. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Addis Ababa University. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2010; 24(1): 115-122.
24. Commonwealth Fund. Addressing domestic violence and its consequences: policy report of the Commonwealth Fund Commission on Women’s Health.
New York (NY): CF; 1998.
25. Fawole AO, Hunyinbo KI, Fawole OI. Prevalence of violence against women in Abeaokuta, Nigeria. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008; 48: 405-14.
26. Onoh RC, Umeora OUJ, Ezeonu PO, Onyebuchi AK, Lawani OL, Agwu UM. Prevalence, Pattern, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during pregnancy at Abakaliki Southeast Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013 Oct-Dec; 3(4): 484-491.doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.122048.
27. Umeora OU, Dimejesi BI, Ejikeme BN, Egwuatu VE. Pattern and determinants of domestic violence among prenatal clinic attendees in a referral center, South-east Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008; 28: 768-74.
28. Iliyasu Z, Abubakar IS, Galadanci HS, Hayatu Z, Aliyu MH. Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence among pregnant women in northern Nigeria. J Interpers Violence. 2013 Mar; 28(4): 868-83. doi: 10.1177/0886260512455872.
29. Fawole OI, Aderonmu AL, Fawole AO. Intimate partner abuse: wife-beating among civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health. 2005 Aug; 9(2):54-64.
30. Ibekwe PC. Preventing violence against women: Time to uphold an important aspect of the reproductive health needs of women in Nigeria. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2007; 33: 235-6.
31. Ikeme AC, Ezegwui HU. Domestic violence against pregnant Nigerian women. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003; 20: 116-8.
32. Ameh N, Abdul MA. Prevalence of domestic violence amongst pregnant women in Zaria, Nigeria. Annals Afr Med. 2004; 3: 4-6.
33. Worku A, Addisie M. Sexual violence among female high school students in Debark, North West Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. 2002; 79: 96-9.
34. Avdibegovic E, Sinanovic O. Consequences of domestic violence on women’s mental health in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croat Med J. 2006; 47:730-41.
31. World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, South African Medical Research Council, 2013.
How to Cite
1.
Iwuoha E.C, Ekeleme N.C Ezirim, E.O. THE DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA. Med. res. chronicles [Internet]. 1 [cited 2024Apr.24];5(01):01-9. Available from: https://medrech.com/index.php/medrech/article/view/284
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Original Research Article
