IMPACT OF BMI AND FOOT ARCH HEIGHT ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCES
Keywords:
Body mass index, Foot arch height, Normalized navicular height truncated, 50- meter sprint, Vertical jump height
Abstract
Aims: The study aimed to determine the association between BMI, foot arch height and physical performances and also to ascertain the impact of BMI and foot arch height on physical performances.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 118 university students (59 males and 59 females) between the age group of 18 to 25 years by using convenience sampling method. Measurements of BMI and Normalized navicular height truncated (NNHt) for foot arch height (FAH) was taken for all subjects. Physical performance tests of 50-m sprint and vertical jump height (VJH) were performed with their comfortable sports shoes. Relations between all variables were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis. A 2-tailed test of significance of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A two-tailed test of significance indicated that BMI was unrelated to 50-m sprint, rs (118) = -0.08, p > 0.05 and VJH, rs (118) = 0.072, p > 0.05. A two-tailed test of significance indicated that FAH was unrelated to 50-m sprint, rs (118) = -0.07, p > 0.05. But there was a weak or negligible negative relationship between FAH and VJH, rs (118) = -0.21, p < 0.05. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI was not a significant predictor for both 50-m sprint and VJH physical performances. FAH was a significant predictor for VJH but not for the 50-m sprint.
Conclusion: BMI is not related to 50-m sprint and VJH. FAH is not related to the 50-m sprint but there is a weak relationship between FAH and VJH. FAH was a significant predictor for VJH.
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References
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26. Protic-Gava B, Scepanovic T, Kojic M. Relation between the postural feet status and explosive strength of lower extremities in adolescents.Sports Science and Health. 2016;6(1):28-34.
27. Petrovic M, Obradovic B, Golik-Peric D, Bubanj S. Jumping abilities are not related to foot shape. Physical Education and Sport. 2013;11(3):299-305.
28. Murley GS, Menz HB, Landorf KB. A protocol for classifying normal- and flatarched foot posture for research studies using clinical and radiographic measurements. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2009; 2(1):22.
29. Menz HB, Munteanu SE. The validity of 3 clinical techniques for the measurement of static foot posture in older people. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2005; 35(8):479-486.
30. Williams DS, McClay IS. Measurements used to characterize the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity. 2000; 80(9):864-871.
31. Tambe RA. Establishment of norms for 50mts dash test of higher secondary students of Maharashtra state.2016;3(5):382-385.
32. Zagatto AM, Beck WR, Gobatto CA. The validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic power and predicting short-distance performances. 2009 Sep;23(6):1820-1827.
33. Dalui R, Roy AS, Kalinski M, Bandyopadhyay A. Relationship of vertical jump test with anthropometric parameters and body composition in university students - a gender variation. Central European journal of sports sciences and medicine. 2014;5(1):83-90.
34. Aragon-Vargas LF. Evaluation of four vertical jump tests: Methodology, Reliability, Validity, and Accuracy. Measurement in physical education and exercise science. 2009 Nov;4(4):215-228.
35. Pontaga I, Žīdens J. Estimation of body mass index in team sports athletes. Lase Journal of Sports Science. 2011;2(2):33- 44.
36. Ode JJ, Pivarnik JM, Reeves MJ, Knous JL. Body mass index as a predictor of percent fat in college athletes and nonathletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2007 Mar;39(3):403-409.
37. Hagedorn TJ, Dufour AB, Riskowski JL, Hillstrom HJ, Menz HB, Casey VA, Hannan, MT. Foot disorders, foot posture, and foot function: the Framingham foot study. Plos One. 2013 Sep;8(9):1-7.
38. Lee CR, Kim MK. The effects on muscle activation of flatfoot during gait according to the velocity on an ascending slope. Journal of physical therapy science. 2014;26(5):675-677.
39. Prapavessis H, McNair PJ. Effects of instruction in jumping technique and experience jumping on ground reaction forces. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther; 1999;29(6):352-356.
40. Temfemo A, Hugues J, Chardon K, Mandengue SH, Ahmaidi S. Relationship between vertical jumping performance and anthropometric characteristics during growth in boys and girls. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2009;168:457-464.
41. Aristotelis G, Evangelos B, Stergios K, Ioannis G, Foteini A. Does Body Fat Affect Performance Indicators in Youth Soccer? British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science. 2015;5(1):90-97.
2. Fukano M, Fukubayashi T. Motion characteristics of the medial and lateral longitudinal arch during landing. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105:387–392.
3. Williams DS, McClay IS, Hamill J. Arch structure and injury patterns in runners. Clinical Biomechanics. 2001;16:341- 347.
4. Bhoir t, Anap DB, Diwate A. Prevalence of flat foot among 18 -25 years old physiotherapy students: a cross-sectional study. Indian journal of basic and applied medical research. Sep 2014;3(4):272-278.
5. Aenumulapalli A, Kulkarni MM, Gandotra AR. Prevalence of Flexible Flat Foot in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2017 Jun;11(6):17-20.
6. Rashdan I AI, Nesef Y AI. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome among adult Kuwaitis: Results from Community-based National Survey. SAGE journal. 2009 April;61(1):42-48.
7. Ismail MN, Chee SS, Nawawi H., Yusoff K., Lim TO, James WP. Obesity in Malaysia. Obes Rev. 2002;3:203-208.
8. Williams III DS, McClay IS, Hamill J. Arch structure and injury patterns in runners. Clinical Biomechanics. 2001 May;16(4):341-347.
9. Dahle LK, Mueller MJ, Delitto A, Diamond JE. Visual assessment of foot type and relationship of foot type to lower extremity injury. The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1991;14(2):70-74.
10. Nawoczenski DA, Saltzman CL, Cook TM. The effect of foot structure on the three-dimensional kinematic coupling behavior of the leg and rear foot. Physical Therapy. 1998 April; 78(4):404-416.
11. Bird AR, Bendrups AP, Payne CB. The effect of foot wedging on electromyographic activity in the erectorspinae and gluteus medius muscles during walking. Gait Posture. 2003; 18:81–91.
12. Williams DS III, Davis IM, Scholz JP, Hamill J, Buchanan TS. High-arched runners exhibit increased leg stiffness compared. Gait Posture. 2004Jun;9(3):263-269.
13. Sharma J, Upadhyaya P. Effect of the flat foot on the running ability of an athlete. Indian Journal of Orthopedic Surgery. 2016;2(1):119-123.
14. O’Brien DL, Tyndyk M. Effect of arch type and Body Mass Index on plantar pressure distribution during the stance phase of gait. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics. 2014 Feb;16(2):131-135.
15. Hills AP, Hennig EM, McDonald M, Bar-Or O. Plantar pressure differences between obese and non-obese adults: a biomechanical analysis. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Journal of the international association for the study of obesity. 2001;25(11):1674–9.
16. Butterworth PA, Urquhart DM, Landorf KB, Wluka AE, Cicuttini FM, Menz HB. Foot posture, the range of motion and plantar pressure characteristics in obese
and nonobese individuals. Gait and Posture. 2015;41(2):465-469.
17. Shariff SM, Manaharan T, Shariff AA, Merican AF. Evaluation of Foot Arch in Adult Women: Comparison between Five Different Footprint Parameters. Sains Malaysiana. 2017;46(10):1839–1848.
18. Ganu SS, Panhale V. Effect of Obesity on Arch Index in Young Adults. Online journal of health and allied sciences. 2013 Jan;11(4):1-3.
19. Tudor A, Ruzic L, Sestan B, Sirola L, Prpić T. Flat-footedness is not a disadvantage for athletic performance in children aged 11 to 15 years. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2009 March;123(3):386-392.
20. Nikolaidis PT, Asadi A, Santos E J.A.M, Calleja-González J, Johnny Padulo J, Chtourou H, Zemkova E. Relationship of body mass status with running and jumping performances in young basketball players. Muscles, Ligaments, and Tendons Journal 2015;5(3):187-194.
21. Mak KK, Ho SY, Lo WS, Thomas GN, McManus AM, Day JR, et al. Healthrelated physical fitness and weight status in Hong Kong adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2010 Feb;10(1):1-5.
22. Butterworth PA, Landorf KB, Smith SE, Menz HB. The association between body mass index and musculoskeletal foot disorders: a systematic review. Obesity
Reviews. 2012 April;13(7):630–642.
23. Pathirana APCU, Arulsingh W, Remya KR, Raj JO. Does BMI variation change the height of the foot arch in healthy adults: a cross-sectional study. The Foot and Ankle Online Journal. 2015;8(4):3.
24. Heggannavar A, Ramannavar P, Metgud S. Effect of foot posture index associated with body mass index and standing balance in a healthy population: An observational study. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research. 2016;4(3):1540-45.
25. Feng QF, Sheng W, Yang S, Jian SL, Sergey P, Yao DG. A comparative biomechanical analysis the vertical jump between flatfoot and normal foot. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering. 2016;28:26-35.
26. Protic-Gava B, Scepanovic T, Kojic M. Relation between the postural feet status and explosive strength of lower extremities in adolescents.Sports Science and Health. 2016;6(1):28-34.
27. Petrovic M, Obradovic B, Golik-Peric D, Bubanj S. Jumping abilities are not related to foot shape. Physical Education and Sport. 2013;11(3):299-305.
28. Murley GS, Menz HB, Landorf KB. A protocol for classifying normal- and flatarched foot posture for research studies using clinical and radiographic measurements. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2009; 2(1):22.
29. Menz HB, Munteanu SE. The validity of 3 clinical techniques for the measurement of static foot posture in older people. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2005; 35(8):479-486.
30. Williams DS, McClay IS. Measurements used to characterize the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity. 2000; 80(9):864-871.
31. Tambe RA. Establishment of norms for 50mts dash test of higher secondary students of Maharashtra state.2016;3(5):382-385.
32. Zagatto AM, Beck WR, Gobatto CA. The validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic power and predicting short-distance performances. 2009 Sep;23(6):1820-1827.
33. Dalui R, Roy AS, Kalinski M, Bandyopadhyay A. Relationship of vertical jump test with anthropometric parameters and body composition in university students - a gender variation. Central European journal of sports sciences and medicine. 2014;5(1):83-90.
34. Aragon-Vargas LF. Evaluation of four vertical jump tests: Methodology, Reliability, Validity, and Accuracy. Measurement in physical education and exercise science. 2009 Nov;4(4):215-228.
35. Pontaga I, Žīdens J. Estimation of body mass index in team sports athletes. Lase Journal of Sports Science. 2011;2(2):33- 44.
36. Ode JJ, Pivarnik JM, Reeves MJ, Knous JL. Body mass index as a predictor of percent fat in college athletes and nonathletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2007 Mar;39(3):403-409.
37. Hagedorn TJ, Dufour AB, Riskowski JL, Hillstrom HJ, Menz HB, Casey VA, Hannan, MT. Foot disorders, foot posture, and foot function: the Framingham foot study. Plos One. 2013 Sep;8(9):1-7.
38. Lee CR, Kim MK. The effects on muscle activation of flatfoot during gait according to the velocity on an ascending slope. Journal of physical therapy science. 2014;26(5):675-677.
39. Prapavessis H, McNair PJ. Effects of instruction in jumping technique and experience jumping on ground reaction forces. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther; 1999;29(6):352-356.
40. Temfemo A, Hugues J, Chardon K, Mandengue SH, Ahmaidi S. Relationship between vertical jumping performance and anthropometric characteristics during growth in boys and girls. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2009;168:457-464.
41. Aristotelis G, Evangelos B, Stergios K, Ioannis G, Foteini A. Does Body Fat Affect Performance Indicators in Youth Soccer? British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science. 2015;5(1):90-97.
How to Cite
1.
Karthikeyan Selvaganapathy, Roshini Rajappan, Hu Mey Mai. IMPACT OF BMI AND FOOT ARCH HEIGHT ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCES. Med. res. chronicles [Internet]. 2018Dec.31 [cited 2024Nov.24];5(6):426-38. Available from: https://medrech.com/index.php/medrech/article/view/335
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Original Research Article
