STATUS OF RENAL BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PEOPLE LIVING IN SUSPECTED AREA (BULUMKUTTU WARD, MAIDUGURI) OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem worldwide especially in developing and underdeveloped countries, with adverse outcomes of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Kidney disease (KD) has few symptoms and is frequently unrecognized. Several people self-medicate either by orthodox or traditional medicine to treat its outcomes. Therefore, we sought to undergo community-based screening for the status of renal function test of people living in a suspected area of CKD in Bulumkuttu.
Methodology: A total of two hundred and three (203) subjects comprising of one hundred (100) females and one hundred and three (103) males were recruited for this study by using Stratified sampling technique. Serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid were analyzed using auto chemistry analyzer Hitachi (Roche) Cobas C311. Proteinuria, Glucosuria, and Hematuria were analyzed using standard Reagent Strips for Urinalysis ComboStik 11.
Results: The renal biochemical parameters were found to be an elevated insignificant number of the study populations. Urea concentration was found to be significantly (p=0.000) elevated (>5.8mmol/L) in 31(15.3%) females and 30(14.7%) males. Creatinine was found to be significantly (p=0.000) elevated (>132µmol/L) in 20(9.85%) and 20(9.85%) for females and males respectively. Also 12(5.3%) females and 15(7.4%) males were found to significantly (p=0.000) elevated serum uric acid (>416µmol/L). Proteinuria (≥1+) was also found in 30(14.8%) and 13(6.4%) for females and males respectively. High blood pressure with SBP >139mmHg and DBP >90mmHg was also found in 46(22.7%) females and 38(18.7%) males. Hematuria was also found in 9(9%) females and 6(5.8%) males. Significantly higher levels of uric acid are found in both males and females; 7.4% and 5.3% respectively.
Conclusion: This study shows elevated renal biochemical parameters among the subjects’ indicative of renal damages, the cause of which was not investigated. However, this study found HTN, high BMI and significant prevalence of subjects both females (14%) and males (6.79%) who admitted for habitual self-medication of orthodox as well as herbal medicine. Also 1.89% of males who admitted to smoke at least five sticks of cigarette per day.
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