Evaluation of the vitamins, minerals, and phytochemical contents of complementary food blends from pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa hoechst ex. a. rich), and tiger nut (cyperus esculentus).
Abstract
Improvement and use of complementary food blends are an economic option in an attempt to reduce the risk of chronic diseases usually associated with malnutrition. Ingredients utilized in complementary food blends are normal foods composed of high levels of one or more essential nutrients and low levels of anti-nutrients and are available at comparatively lower cost and underutilized. The aim of this study was to produce complementary food blends from pearl millet, African yam bean, and tiger nut and evaluate the vitamin, mineral, and anti-nutrient contents. Ten complementary food blends were formulated and the vitamins, minerals, and anti-nutrients were evaluated. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Means were compared and separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and LSD at p≤0.05. The results obtained showed that vitamin A ranged from 0.32 – 0.76 mg/ 100g; vitamin B1, 0.13–0.14 mg/ 100g; vitamin B3, 0.12 –0.17 mg/ 100g. Results indicated that calcium contents ranged from 10.00–54.00 mg/ 100g; magnesium 10.50–11.40 mg/ 100g; potassium 25.90–27.00 mg/ 100 g iron 7.30–9.50 mg/ 100g and phosphorus 20.40–26.60 mg/ 100g. For the anti-nutrients, tannin ranged from 32.00–39.00 mg/ 100g; phytate 22.00–37.00 mg/ 100g and oxalate 6.80–11.10 mg/ 100g. These anti-nutrients obtained in this study fall within the permissible limits of 20mg/g, 3–5 mg/kg, and 200–250 mg/ g for tannin, phytate, and oxalate respectively.
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