Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic activities of Feronia elephantum gum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Abstract
Gum of the plant Feronia elephantum Correa (Rutaceae) is useful in the treatment of diabetes in primitive books and conventional medicine. The present study was aimed to evaluate antidiabetic effect of Feronia elephantum gum extract in different doses along with antihyperlipidemic activity. In vitro antidiabetic activity was studied by inhibition of alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes. We have tried to separate some of fatty material from the feronia gum and assessed the pharmacological activity. Polyethylene glycol was converted to PEG-COOH using succinic anhydride by using conjugation chemistry technique and then was allowed to react with NHS (n- hydroxyl succinimide) to synthesize PEG-NH2 complex. Conjugation of plant compound containing COOH terminal was synthesized in the final reaction. The presence of Nitrogen and oxygen was identified in elemental CHN analysis. The conjugated compound was studied by NMR spectroscopy to find out the compounds conjugated with PEG complex. Single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 55 mg/kg was used for induction of diabetes. Feronia gum aqueous extract was studied for pharmacological activities at a dose of 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and was compared with diabetic control group using Metformin as a standard drug. Real Time Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to study the mRNA expression of IRS2 gene, PPARα gene and GRIA2 gene. FGE 400 showed significant inhibition for alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes. Increased blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, body weight and urine volume was significantly decreased by treatment with FGE 400. Antidiabetic activity of FGE 400 was supported by insulin content, liver glycogen, antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx , GST); hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes (Glucokinase, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose 6 phosphatase, fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase), liver damage markers (SGOT, SGPT, ALP), histopathology study of pancreas and liver. FGE400 has positive effects for carbohydrate metabolism in liver (IRS2 gene), lowers the hepatic inflammation (PPARα gene) and increases insulin secretion (GRIA2 gene). From the study it can be concluded that Feronia elephantum gum extract is having prominent antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in dose dependent manner. Further studies are required for isolation and characterization of active chemical constituents.
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