Prevalence and Characterization of Labial Cervical Vertical Groove in maxillary permanent Incisors: an observational, cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and traits of Labial Cervical Vertical Groove in permanent maxillary incisors, its impact on accompanying gingiva, can cause periodontal, esthetic, and prosthetic concern.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and attribute of LCVG in the specific tooth (central vs lateral incisor), side (unilateral vs bilateral, left vs right), and gender.

Settings and Design: An in vivo observational cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods: An aggregate of 1800 people aged 18 and 60 were chosen at random and scrutinized for the existence of LCVG in an individual's maxillary permanent incisors. According to predetermined criteria, the deformity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Normal, partial, and irregular gingival covering at the groove site were classified. The inclusion of a Palato-Radial Groove was also detected.

Results: LCVG was diagnosed in 123 patients (6.83%). In 59 (47.97%) of the individuals, it was unilateral, while in 64 (52.03%), it was bilateral. There was no evidence of sexual dimorphism or side prevalence. LCVG was identified in 187 (38%) of the 492 teeth in 123 participants. Mild LCVG was detected in 72 incisors, moderate in 83 incisors, and severe in 32 incisors, with a central to lateral incisor ratio of 186:1. In 123 incisors, the gingival contour was normal, partial in 59 incisors, and in 5 incisors it’s irregular. In incisors with moderate or severe LCVG, the gingival recession was noted.

Conclusion: An LCVG is a malformation that affects the permanent central incisors of the maxilla. Increased severity of LCVG has deleterious repercussions on the periodontium, necessitating conscientious dental hygiene; accordingly, practitioners should be aware of this, and patients must be advised on the importance of maintaining good oral hygienic practices.