CANINE RETRACTION IN ORTHODONTICS: A REVIEW OF VARIOUS METHODS

Abstract

In orthodontic space closure procedure, retracting the canines separately in the first step and reducing the tendency of the maxillary molars to displace forward is known as separate canine retraction or ‘‘two-step’’ technique of retraction. Canine retraction mechanics is generally divided into sliding (frictional) mechanics and loop (frictionless) mechanics. Methods of canine retraction in sliding mechanics are; elastic modules with a ligature, elastomeric chains, closed coil springs and in loop mechanics, the methods are; PG canine retraction spring, Burstone T loop attraction spring, opus loop, mushroom loop, and rectangular loop. Extraoral methods include direct head gear retraction and other methods include rapid canine retraction through the distraction of periodontal ligament and retracting the canine with rare earth magnets. Other than fixed appliances, a removable appliance that is used for retracting canines is; U loop canine retractor, helical canine retractor, buccal canine retractor, palatal canine retractor, supported and self-supported canine retractors. Thus, depending upon the techniques employed, a number of procedures are used for the retraction of canine. The individual operator must choose the method of preference to treat the malocclusion which requires the desired movement of teeth with minimal time to produce an aesthetic and functional occlusion.