PLASMA CELL LEUKEMIA (PCL), A RARE AND AGGRESSIVE VARIANT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM)
Keywords:
Plasma cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, leukocytes
Abstract
Plasma cells can rarely be seen in the peripheral blood of the patients previously diagnosed with multiple myeloma or more often observed at the time of diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma. When the number of these circulating cells is more than 2000/uL or more than 20% of circulating Leukocytes, the term of Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL) is used. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting the second ever case of plasma cell leukemia from Pakistan in the light of review of the literature.
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References
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7. Noel P, Kyle RA. Plasma cell leukemia: An evaluation of response to therapy. Am J Med 1987;83: 1062-8.
8. Ramsingh G, Mehan P, Luo J, Vij R, Morgensztern D. Primary plasma cell leukemia: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis between 1973 and 2004. Cancer. 2009;115 :5734-9.
9. Yeung J, Chang H: Genomic aberrations and immunohistochemical markers as prognostic indicators in multiple myeloma. J Clin Pathol 2007.
10. Chiecchio L, Dagrada GP, White HE, Towsend MR, Protheroe RK, Cheung KL, et al. Frequent upregulation of MYC in plasma cell leukemia. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer. 2009;48:624-36.
11. Fatih Demyarkan, G. Hayri Özsan, M. Ali Ozscan, Filiz Vural, Mine Cabuk, Bülent Undar. Plasma Cell Leukemia: A Report of 5 Cases and Review of the Literature. Turk J Haematol 2001; 18:275-279.
12. Colwell NS, Tollefsen DM, Blinder MA. Identification of a monoclonal thrombin inhibitor associated with multiple myeloma and a severe bleeding disorder. Br J Haematol 1997; 97:219-26.
13. Panzer S, Thaler E. An acquired cryoglobulinemia which inhibits fibrin polymerization in a patient with IgG kappa myeloma. Haemostasis 1993; 23:69-76.
14. Van Camp B, Durie BGM, Spier C, DeWaele M, Van Riet I, Vela E, Frutiger V et al. Plasma cells in multiple myeloma express a natural killer cell-associated antigen: CD56 (NHK-1; Leu-19). Blood 1990;76 :377-82.
15. C Ferna´ndez de Larrea, RA Kyle, BGM Durie, H Ludwig, S Usmani, DH Vesole , et al. Plasma cell leukemia: consensus statement on diagnostic requirements, response criteria and treatment recommendations by the International Myeloma Working Group. Leukemia ; 2013;1 – 12.
2. Abid Jameel. Plasma Cell Leukemia: Case Report of a Rare and Aggressive Variant of Multiple Myeloma. JPMA.2005: 55; 452-53.
3. Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, Delasalle KB, Alexanian R. Primary plasma cell leukemia. Br J Haematol 1994; 88:754-9.
4. Garcia-Sanz R, Orfao A, Gonzalez M, Tabernero JB, Moro MJ, Fernandez-Calvo J, Sanz MA, Perez-Simon JA, Rasillo A, SanMiguel JF. Primary plasma cell leukemia: Clinical immunophenotypic, DNA ploidy, and cytogenetics characteristics. Blood 1999; 93:1032-7.
5. Jimenez-Zepeda VH, Dominguez VJ: Plasma cell leukemia: a rare condition. Ann Hematol 2006, 85 :263-267.
6. Sirohi B, Powles R: Multiple myeloma. Lancet 2004, 363:875-887.
7. Noel P, Kyle RA. Plasma cell leukemia: An evaluation of response to therapy. Am J Med 1987;83: 1062-8.
8. Ramsingh G, Mehan P, Luo J, Vij R, Morgensztern D. Primary plasma cell leukemia: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis between 1973 and 2004. Cancer. 2009;115 :5734-9.
9. Yeung J, Chang H: Genomic aberrations and immunohistochemical markers as prognostic indicators in multiple myeloma. J Clin Pathol 2007.
10. Chiecchio L, Dagrada GP, White HE, Towsend MR, Protheroe RK, Cheung KL, et al. Frequent upregulation of MYC in plasma cell leukemia. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer. 2009;48:624-36.
11. Fatih Demyarkan, G. Hayri Özsan, M. Ali Ozscan, Filiz Vural, Mine Cabuk, Bülent Undar. Plasma Cell Leukemia: A Report of 5 Cases and Review of the Literature. Turk J Haematol 2001; 18:275-279.
12. Colwell NS, Tollefsen DM, Blinder MA. Identification of a monoclonal thrombin inhibitor associated with multiple myeloma and a severe bleeding disorder. Br J Haematol 1997; 97:219-26.
13. Panzer S, Thaler E. An acquired cryoglobulinemia which inhibits fibrin polymerization in a patient with IgG kappa myeloma. Haemostasis 1993; 23:69-76.
14. Van Camp B, Durie BGM, Spier C, DeWaele M, Van Riet I, Vela E, Frutiger V et al. Plasma cells in multiple myeloma express a natural killer cell-associated antigen: CD56 (NHK-1; Leu-19). Blood 1990;76 :377-82.
15. C Ferna´ndez de Larrea, RA Kyle, BGM Durie, H Ludwig, S Usmani, DH Vesole , et al. Plasma cell leukemia: consensus statement on diagnostic requirements, response criteria and treatment recommendations by the International Myeloma Working Group. Leukemia ; 2013;1 – 12.
How to Cite
1.
Humayun M, Khan A, Haider I, Muhammad W, Ajmal F, Jehanzeb. PLASMA CELL LEUKEMIA (PCL), A RARE AND AGGRESSIVE VARIANT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM). Med. res. chronicles [Internet]. 2015Feb.20 [cited 2024May3];2(1):121-5. Available from: https://medrech.com/index.php/medrech/article/view/58
Section
Case Report
