THE EFFECT OF OBESITY MARKERS ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE IN YOUNG SAUDI ADULTS

  • Syed Najamuddin Farooq Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al Qura University Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Shaikh Muhammad Amir Mustafa Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al Qura University Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Ammad Ahmed Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al Qura University Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 50431
  • Waheeb Al Harbi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al Qura University Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Abdul HalimSalim Serafi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al Qura University Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Muhammad Irfan Safi Rizvi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al Qura University Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Keywords: Body mass index, obesity and lung function, peak expiratory flow rate

Abstract

Background: Obesity is one of the major health issues worldwide and so is in Saudi Arabia. It has enormously contributed to the increase in the incidence of diabetes and cardiopulmonary problems. However, very few studies are available where the effects of obesity on pulmonary functions have been investigated in young healthy Saudis. The aim of this study was to examine the lung function in the form of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in healthy adults grouped into non-obese, pre-obese, and obese. Moreover, Study groups were analyzed for the PEFR changes in association with different obesity markers other than BMI. This was to identify the obesity markers that may have a better association with lung function impairment than Body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Young healthy students ages 18-19 years were selected for this study. Their height, weight, waist & hip circumference, and PEFR were measured. On the basis of BMI, subjects were divided into non-obese18.5-24.9, pre-obese 25-29.9, and obese > 30. All the analyses were performed using Graphpad Prism version 4 Mac (Graphpad software).

Results: Average values of all the morphometric parameters except height obtained from both pre-obese and obese subjects when compared with non-obese showed significantly higher values. Both the pre-obese and obese subjects showed a reduction in PEFR compared to the non-obese. However, this reduction was found significant only in obese subjects. Further, PEFR showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage.

Conclusion: Obesity produces significant deterioration in the PEFR in young healthy subjects and this deterioration is found to have a significant negative correlation with all the different obesity markers. This study also reveals that about 50% of young students belong to either pre-obese or obese groups and this rising trend needs to be addressed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Racette SB, Deusinger SS, Deusinger RH. Obesity: an overview of prevalence, etiology, and treatment. Phys Ther. 2003.
2. James PT, Leach R, Kalamara E, Shayeghi M. The worldwide obesity epidemic.Obes Res. 2001 Oct 31;9Suppl 4:228S–233S.
3. Manson JE, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Rosner B, Monson RR, et al. A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1990 Mar 28;322(13):882–9.
4. Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Liu S, Solomon CG, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 12;345(11):790–7.
5. Stoll BAB. Perimenopausal weight gain and progression of breast cancer precursors. Cancer Detect Prev. 1998 Dec 31;23(1):31–6.
6. Davis MA, Ettinger WH, Neuhaus JM. Obesity and osteoarthritis of the knee: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Nov 30;20(3 Suppl 1):34–41.
7. Chen Y, Dales R, Tang M, Krewski D. Obesity may increase the incidence of asthma in women but not in men: longitudinal observations from the Canadian National Population Health Surveys. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jan 31;155(3):191–7.
8. Friedman KE, Reichmann SK, Costanzo PR, Musante GJ. Body image partially mediates the relationship between obesity and psychological distress. Obes Res. 2002 Jan;10(1):33–41.
9. Tsuritani I, Honda R, Noborisaka Y, Ishida M, Ishizaki M, Yamada Y. Impact of obesity on musculoskeletal pain and difficulty of daily movements in Japanese middle-aged women. Maturitas. 2001 Dec 31;42(1):23–30.
10. Sahebjami H. Dyspnea in obese healthy men. CHEST Journal. 1998.
11. Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 2002 Apr 30;165(9):1217–39.
12. Akashiba T, Akahoshi T, Kawahara S. Clinical characteristics of the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome in Japan: a multi-center study. Tokyo. 2005.
13. Deane S, Thomson A. Obesity and the pulmonologist. Arch Dis Child. 2006 Jan 31;91(2):188–91.
14. Steele RM, Finucane FM, Griffin SJ, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U. Obesity is associated with altered lung function independently of physical activity and fitness. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Feb 28;17(3):578–84.
15. Collins LC, Hoberty PD, Walker JF, Fletcher EC, Peiris AN. The effect of body fat distribution on pulmonary function tests. Chest. 1995 May;107(5):1298–302.
16. Benjaponpitak S, Direkwattanachai C, Kraisarin C, Sasisakulporn C. Peak expiratory flow rate values of students in Bangkok. J Med Assoc Thai. 1999 Oct 31;82Suppl 1:S137–43.
17. Lim TOT. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in elderly Malaysians. Med J Malaysia. 1999 Nov 30;54(4):531–4.
18. Carey IM, Cook DG, Strachan DP. The effects of adiposity and weight change on forced expiratory volume decline in a longitudinal study of adults. CORD Conference Proceedings. 1999 Aug 31;23(9):979–85.
19. Salome CM, King GG, Berend N. Physiology of obesity and effects on lung function. J ApplPhysiol (1985). 2009 Dec 31;108(1):206–11.
20. Lazarus R, Sparrow D, Weiss ST. Effects of obesity and fat distribution on ventilatory function: the normative aging study. Chest. 1997 Apr;111(4):891–8.
21. Chen Y, Rennie D, Cormier YF, Dosman J. Waist circumference is associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects. Am J ClinNutr. 2006 Dec 31;85(1):35–9.
22. Ochs-Balcom HM, Grant BJB, Muti P, Sempos CT, Freudenheim JL, Trevisan M, et al. Pulmonary function and abdominal adiposity in the general population. Chest. 2006 Apr;129(4):853–62.
23. Saxena Y, Purwar B, Upmanyu R. Adiposity: a determinant of peak expiratory flow rate in young Indian adults male. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2011 Jan; 53(1):29–33.
24. Deurenberg P, Weststrate JA, Seidell JC. Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: age- and sex-specific prediction formulas. Br J Nutr. 1991 Mar;65(2):105–14.
25. Jain P, Kavuru MS, Emerman CL, Ahmad M. Utility of peak expiratory flow monitoring. Chest. 1998 Sep;114(3):861–76.
26. Standardization of Spirometry, 1994 Update. American Thoracic Society. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1107–36.
27. sharpjt, henry jp, sweanysk, Meadows WR, Pietras RJ. effects of mass loading the respiratory system in man. J ApplPhysiol (1985). 1964 Sep;19:959–66.
28. Guenette JA, Jensen D, O'Donnell DE. Respiratory function and obesity paradox.CurrOpinClinNutrMetab Care. 2010 Oct 31;13(6):618–24.
29. Thomas PS, Cowen ER, Hulands G, Milledge JS. Respiratory function in the morbidly obese before and after weight loss. Thorax. 1989 Apr 30;44(5):382–6.
30. sargent en, boswellwd, ralls pw, markovitz a. subpleural fat pads in patients exposed to asbestos: distinction from non-calcified pleural plaques. radiology. 1984 jul 31;152(2):273–7.
31. Ghobain Al M. The effect of obesity on spirometry tests among healthy non-smoking adults. BMC Pulm Med. 2011 Dec 31;12(1):10–0.
32. del Río-Navarro B, Cisneros-Rivero M, Berber-Eslava A, Espínola-Reyna G, Sienra-Monge J. Exercise induced bronchospasm in asthmatic and non-asthmatic obese children. AllergolImmunopathol (Madr). 1999 Dec 31;28(1):5–11.
33. Spathopoulos D, Paraskakis E, Trypsianis G, Tsalkidis A, Arvanitidou V, Emporiadou M, et al. The effect of obesity on pulmonary lung function of school-aged children in Greece. PediatrPulmonol. 2009 Feb 28;44(3):273–80.
34. Inselman LS, Chander A, Spitzer AR. Diminished lung compliance and elevated surfactant lipids and proteins in nutritionally obese young rats. Lung. 2004;182(2):101–17.
35. Milic-Emili J, Torchio R, D'Angelo E. Closing volume: a reappraisal (1967-2007). Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007 Mar 31;99(6):567–83.
36. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Whincup PH. Body fat distribution, body composition, and respiratory function in elderly men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2005 Nov 1;82(5):996–1003.
37. Canoy D, Luben R, Welch A, Bingham S, Wareham N, Day N, et al. Abdominal obesity and respiratory function in men and women in the EPIC-Norfolk Study, United Kingdom. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jun 14;159(12):1140–9.
38. Harik-Khan RI, Wise RA, Fleg JL. The effect of gender on the relationship between body fat distribution and lung function. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001 Mar 31;54(4):399–406.
39. Tremblay AA, Després JPJ, Leblanc CC, Craig CLC, Ferris BB, Stephens TT, et al. Effect of intensity of physical activity on body fatness and fat distribution. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Jan 31;51(2):153–7.
How to Cite
1.
Farooq SN, Mustafa SMA, Ahmed A, Harbi WA, Serafi AH, Rizvi MIS. THE EFFECT OF OBESITY MARKERS ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE IN YOUNG SAUDI ADULTS. Med. res. chronicles [Internet]. 2015Feb.20 [cited 2024Dec.23];2(1):126-34. Available from: https://medrech.com/index.php/medrech/article/view/59
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2015): Jan-Feb
Section
Original Research Article