Comparison of the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with BMI on pregnant women
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is an important event during a woman’s life. It has a great impact on her physical and mental health. All efforts that are carried out during pregnancy aim to ensure full-term pregnancy without complications, safe delivery, and a healthy baby. The prevalence of obesity or overweight in pregnancy is also rising and is of international concern.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with BMI as an impact on pregnancy women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December 2021. The study included 120 singleton pregnant women with gestational age >37 weeks with cephalic presentation. The selected women were categorized into three groups of 40 each according to their BMI: Category I included normal women (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2), Category II included overweight women (BMI 25- 29.9 kg/m2) and Category III included obese women (BMI >30 kg/m2).
Results: In the present study, 120 singleton pregnant women were equally distributed into three categories according to their BMI. In Category I (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2), mean age of normal women was 28.5 ± 4 years in Category II (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), mean age of overweight women was 29.5± 4 years; and in Category III (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), mean age of obese women was 31.5± 6 years. There was increased incidence of antepartum complications in Category III women as compared to Category II and Category I women. The difference in the occurrence of PET among 3 categories was statistically significant (p<0.05). Similarly, the differences in the incidence of PT pregnancy, macrosomia as well as that. The mean weight of Category I (56.72 kg), Category II (65.77 kg) and Category III (80.71 kg). As regard the onset of labour as well as a mode of delivery among the 3 categories there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). As regards postpartum complications, only PPH was seen in 7.5% of women in Category III as compared to 5% in Category II and 5% of women in Category I. The incidence of PPH among the 3 groups was statistically not significant (P >0.05). As regards perinatal outcomes, 10% of babies born to women in Category III needed NICU admission as compared to 5% in Category II and 2.5% in Category I. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of NICU admissions (p<0.05). As regards still births there were 5% of babies born to women in Category III, whereas 2.5% was seen in Category II and none in Category I. There was statistically not a significant difference (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study concluded that an increase in BMI lead to increased Incidence of Pre-eclampsia, GDM, Post-term pregnancy, and Caesarean section rate with no increase in Incidence in post-partum haemorrhage. As perinatal complications increase in BMI lead to increased Incidence of Macrosomia and NICU admission with no increase Incidence of still birth rate.
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References
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