INFLUENCE OF FATHERS ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THEIR CHILDREN IN RURAL AREA OF DELHI: AN IN-DEPTH STUDY BY MIXED QUALITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH
Keywords:
Under nutrition, Father, Rural area Delhi, Integrated Child development Services, Literacy, Occupation, Participatory Rural Appraisal, Phenomenography
Abstract
Background: Many studies in the Indian context have focused primarily on the key role of mothers in the nutritional status of their children, but what is the role of fathers in influencing child nutritional status has not explored so far in the literature.
Material and Methods: The study was done in one Rural Block of Delhi in the area of 2 Anganwadi Centres in the year 2012 among 400 fathers of 400 children studied for their nutritional status between the ages group 0-5 years of 2 Anganwadi Centre's-X and Y. A total of 100 fathers was sampled randomly for data collection by qualitative methods i.e. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique (In-depth interviews) and Phenomenographic technique. Two additional Focus group discussions were also conducted on fathers who were not included in in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 software and both quantitative, as well as qualitative data, were triangulated to elucidate the role of fathers in deciding the nutritional status of their children.
Results: The proportion of undernourished children was higher in the mild to the moderate category of PEM (53.5% in AWC-X vs 46% in AWC-Y, overall 49.7%). The father’s occupation and literacy were significantly associated with the nutritional status of children (p < 0.01) in the area of both AWCs(X & Y).Conclusion: Fathers can influence child nutritional status significantly. For improving the nutritional status of undernourished children in rural areas of Delhi, the father can also play an active role, provided they are also sensitized well by ICDS & health department.
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References
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26. De Fatima Antero Sousa Machado M, Vieira NF The mothers' participation in the child malnutrition program][Article in Portuguese].Universidade Regional do Cariri. fatimaantero@uol.com.br Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2004 Jan-Feb; 12(1):76-82. Epub 2004 Apr 27.
27. Tinkew JB & De,Jong G.Children’s nutrition in Jamaica: do household structure & economic resources matter?Journ. Social Science & Medicine 2004; 58: 499-514.
28. Sherriff N, Panton C, Hall V.A new model of father support to promote breastfeeding. Community Pract. 2014 May; 87(5):20-4.
29. Sherriff N, Hall V, Panton C. Engaging and supporting fathers to promote breastfeeding: a concept analysis. Midwifery. 2014 Jun; 30(6):667-77. Epub 2013 Aug 17.
30. Sherriff N, Hall V.Engaging and supporting fathers to promote breastfeeding: a new role for Health Visitors? Scand J Caring Sci. 2011 Sep; 25(3):467-75. Epub 2011 Jan 11.
31. Khandpur N, Blaine RE, Fisher JO, Davison KK. Fathers' child feeding practices: a review of the evidence. Appetite. 2014 Jul; 78:110-21. Epub 2014 Mar 22.
32. Mallan KM, Nothard M, Thorpe K, Nicholson JM, Wilson A, Scuffham PA, Daniels LA.The role of fathers in child feeding: perceived responsibility and predictors of participation. Child Care Health Dev. 2014 Sep; 40(5):715-22. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
33. Anderson KE, Nicklas JC, Spence M, Kavanagh K.Roles, perceptions and control of infant feeding among low-income fathers. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Apr; 13(4):522-30. Epub 2009 Nov 16.
34.Ojofeitimi EO, Adelekan MO.Partnership with fathers in combating malnutrition: their views as to causes and treatment of protein-energy malnutrition. Child Care Health Dev. 1984 Mar-Apr; 10(2):61-6.
35.Davey S, Davey A, Adhish SV, Bagga R. Factors influencing the status of undernutrition among children (0-5 years) in a rural area of Delhi: a cross-sectional study. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2014; 1(1): 12-17.
2. WHO Factsheet. Millenium Development Goals (2015).[Internet@2015] Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs290/en/[ Last Updated: 2014 May 31 & Last Cited: 2015 Feb 22]
3. Goplan C. Changing Nutrition Scene in South Asia. Nutrition Foundation of India. NFI Bulletin 2003; 24(2):1-8.
4. Ghosh S. Integrated Child Development Services program. Health Millions 1995 Oct; 21(Souvenir):31-6.
5. Radhakrishna R & Ravi C.Malnutrition in India-trends & determinants. Economics & political weekly 2004; 14: 671-676.
6. Lal S .Combating Malnutrition in India through community efforts. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2003; 28(3):99-106.
7. NFHS, 3rd Document, Delhi- Report. (2005-06):151-157. Available from: www.rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-3%20Data/.../NFHS-3%20Nutritional%20St.. /[ Last Updated: 2014 May 31 & Last Cited: 2015 Feb 22].
8. Awasthi S, Pandey VK.Prevalence of malnutrition & intestinal parasites in pre-school slum children in Lucknow. Indian Pediatrics 1997; July 34(7-12): 599-604.
9. Pelletier DL. Relationship between child anthropometry & morbidity in developing countries: implications for Policy, Programme & future research. Journ Nutrition 1994;124:2047-2081.
10. Kapil U, Bali P .Nutritional status of pre-school children of urban communities in Delhi. Indian Pediatrics 1989; 26: 338-342.
11. Basu AM. How pervasive are sex differentials in childhood nutritional levels in south Asia? Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University, India. Social biology 1993; 40(1-2):25-37.
12. Rao S, Joshi SB, Kelkar RS. Changes in nutritional status & morbidity over time among pre-school children from slums in Pune in India. Indian Pediatrics 2000; 37(17):1060 –1071.
13. Johansson M, Nyirenda J L Z, Johansson A, Lorefält B.Perceptions of Malawian Nurses about Nursing Interventions for Malnourished Children and Their Parents. J Health POPUL NUTR 2011 Dec; 29(6):612-618.
14. Saha KB, Singh N, Chatterjee Saha U, Roy J. Male involvement in reproductive health among scheduled tribe: experience from Khairwars of central India. Rural Remote Health 2007; 7:605.
15. Davey S, Davey A. Women Literacy and Infant Feeding Practices in Rural ICDS Block of Delhi. Natl J Community Med 2012; 3(3):385-90.
16.Davey S, Davey A, Adhish SV, Bagga R. Study of the impact of socio-cultural and economic factors of mothers on the nutritional status of their malnourished children in a rural area of Delhi(India). International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health. Online First: 24 Nov, 2014.E-Pub 2015.
17. Marton, F. Phenomenography - A research approach investigating different understandings of reality. Journal of Thought 1986; 21(2): 28-49.
18. Shibulal.A, A study on the prevalence of undernutrition and its determinants in Anganwadi children of Malappuram district, Kerala. Trivandrum, Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Working Paper no. 10, 2013.
19. Fuchs C, Sultana T,Ahmed T, Hossain MI. “Factors Associated with Acute Malnutrition among Children Admitted to a Diarrhoea Treatment Facility in Bangladesh,” International Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 2014, Article ID 267806, 5 pages, 2014.
20. Saito K, Korzenik JR, Jekel JF, Bhattacharji S. A case-control study of maternal knowledge of malnutrition and health-care-seeking attitudes in rural South India. Yale J Biol Med. 1997 Mar-Apr; 70(2):149-60.
21. Sharma AR. Three Decades of ICDS –An Appraisal. National evaluation of Integrated Child Development Services. New Delhi: NIPCCD. 2006: 204.
22. Lian CW,Wan M WM , ZAMH ZH ,Hock CK.A Qualitative Study on Malnutrition in Children from the Perspectives of Health Workers in Tumpat, Kelantan. Mal J Nutr 13(1): 19-28, 2007.
23. Overweight: The Role of Parents and Caregivers. [Internet@ 2014]. Available from: http://www.nutrition411.com/specials-centers/toddler-and-kid/ck208-for-young patients/obesity/item/29347-overweight-the-role-of-parents-and-caregivers/. [Last updated 2014 Oct 27 & Last Cited2014 Oct 27].
24. Victora CG, Vaughan PJ, Kirkwood BR, Martinez JC, Barcelos LB. Risk factors for malnutrition in Brazilian children: the role of social and environmental variables. Bull WHO 1986; 64:299-309.
25. Christian P, Abbi R, Gujral S, and Gopaldas T.The role of maternal literacy and nutrition knowledge in determining children's nutritional status. Available from: http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/food/8F104e/8F104E06.htm.[ Last updated 2014 Oct 27 & Last Cited2014 Oct 27].
26. De Fatima Antero Sousa Machado M, Vieira NF The mothers' participation in the child malnutrition program][Article in Portuguese].Universidade Regional do Cariri. fatimaantero@uol.com.br Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2004 Jan-Feb; 12(1):76-82. Epub 2004 Apr 27.
27. Tinkew JB & De,Jong G.Children’s nutrition in Jamaica: do household structure & economic resources matter?Journ. Social Science & Medicine 2004; 58: 499-514.
28. Sherriff N, Panton C, Hall V.A new model of father support to promote breastfeeding. Community Pract. 2014 May; 87(5):20-4.
29. Sherriff N, Hall V, Panton C. Engaging and supporting fathers to promote breastfeeding: a concept analysis. Midwifery. 2014 Jun; 30(6):667-77. Epub 2013 Aug 17.
30. Sherriff N, Hall V.Engaging and supporting fathers to promote breastfeeding: a new role for Health Visitors? Scand J Caring Sci. 2011 Sep; 25(3):467-75. Epub 2011 Jan 11.
31. Khandpur N, Blaine RE, Fisher JO, Davison KK. Fathers' child feeding practices: a review of the evidence. Appetite. 2014 Jul; 78:110-21. Epub 2014 Mar 22.
32. Mallan KM, Nothard M, Thorpe K, Nicholson JM, Wilson A, Scuffham PA, Daniels LA.The role of fathers in child feeding: perceived responsibility and predictors of participation. Child Care Health Dev. 2014 Sep; 40(5):715-22. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
33. Anderson KE, Nicklas JC, Spence M, Kavanagh K.Roles, perceptions and control of infant feeding among low-income fathers. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Apr; 13(4):522-30. Epub 2009 Nov 16.
34.Ojofeitimi EO, Adelekan MO.Partnership with fathers in combating malnutrition: their views as to causes and treatment of protein-energy malnutrition. Child Care Health Dev. 1984 Mar-Apr; 10(2):61-6.
35.Davey S, Davey A, Adhish SV, Bagga R. Factors influencing the status of undernutrition among children (0-5 years) in a rural area of Delhi: a cross-sectional study. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2014; 1(1): 12-17.
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1.
Davey S, Davey A, Adhish SV, Bagga R. INFLUENCE OF FATHERS ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THEIR CHILDREN IN RURAL AREA OF DELHI: AN IN-DEPTH STUDY BY MIXED QUALITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH. Med. res. chronicles [Internet]. 2015Mar.15 [cited 2024Apr.30];2(2):148-60. Available from: https://medrech.com/index.php/medrech/article/view/61
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