Study of Clinical Profile in Urinary Tract Infections in Children Aged 1-12 Years
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent among pediatric patients, posing significant health risks if untreated. This retrospective study, conducted from January 2022 to December 2023 at the Department of Pediatrics, VVP PRH (DU), Loni,, involved 200 children aged 1-12 years. The research aimed to analyze the clinical profiles, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of UTIs in this population. Females (65%) were more commonly affected, particularly those aged 4-7 years. Fever (85%), dysuria (75%), and abdominal pain (60%) were the most frequent symptoms. Predisposing factors included poor perineal hygiene (30%), constipation (25%), and previous UTIs (15%). Laboratory findings confirmed Escherichia coli as the predominant pathogen (75%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%) and Proteus mirabilis (5%). Ultrasound abdomen revealed abnormalities in 15% of cases, and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) was performed in 20% of patients with recurrent infections or abnormal ultrasound results. All patients received culture-sensitive antibiotic therapy; however, 30% required hospitalization, 20% experienced recurrence within a year, and 5% developed renal scarring. Statistical analysis indicated significant variations in demographic and clinical characteristics, with higher prevalence and symptom severity in females. The study underscores the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate management, and vigilant follow-up to prevent recurrence and complications. Emphasizing education on proper perineal hygiene and constipation management can significantly reduce UTI incidence. These findings align with existing literature, emphasizing the need for targeted preventive strategies and evidence-based clinical practices to optimize pediatric UTI management.
Downloads
References
Stein, R., Doğan, H., Hoebeke, P., Kočvara, R., Nijman, R., Radmayr, C., & Tekgül, S. (2015). Urinary tract infections in children: EAU/ESPU guidelines. European urology, 67 3, 546-58 .
Vachvanichsanong, P., McNeil, E., & Dissaneewate, P. (2020). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary tract infections. Epidemiology and Infection, 149.
Belete, Y., Asrat, D., Woldeamanuel, Y., Yihenew, G., & Gize, A. (2019). Bacterial Profile And Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern Of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Infection and Drug Resistance, 12, 3575 - 3583.
Silva, A., Oliveira, E., & Mak, R. (2019). Urinary tract infection in pediatrics: an overview. Jornal de Pediatria, 96, 65 - 79.
Lin, L., Riccobene, T., & Debabov, D. (2020). Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Against Contemporary Pathogens From Urinary Tract Infections and Intra-abdominal Infections Collected From US Children During the 2016-2019 INFORM Surveillance Program. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.
Iosifidis, E., Chorafa, E., Agakidou, E., Kontou, A., Violaki, A., Volakli, E., Christou, E., Zarras, C., Drossou-Agakidou, V., Sdougka, M., & Roilides, E. (2019). Use of Ceftazidime-avibactam for the Treatment of Extensively drug-resistant or Pan drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Neonates and Children <5 Years of Age. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.
Leung, A., Wong, A., Leung, A., & Hon, K. (2019). Urinary Tract Infection in Children. Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery, 13, 2 - 18.
Shaikh, N., Morone, N., Bost, J., & Farrell, M. (2008). Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection in Childhood: A Meta-Analysis. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 27, 302-308.
Kutasy, B., Coyle, D., & Fossum, M. (2017). Urinary Tract Infection in Children: Management in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance-A Pediatric Urologist's View. European urology focus, 3 2-3, 207-211 .
Kutasy, B., Coyle, D., & Fossum, M. (2017). Urinary Tract Infection in Children: Management in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance-A Pediatric Urologist's View., European urology focus, 3 2-3, 207-211 .
Hoberman, A., Wald, E., Hickey, R., Baskin, M., Charron, M., Majd, M., Kearney, D., Reynolds, E., Ruley, J., & Janosky, J. (1999). Oral Versus Initial Intravenous Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Young Febrile Children. Pediatrics, 104, 79 - 86.
Wilson, I., & Cleary, P. (1995). Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes. JAMA, 273 1, 59-65 .
Oladeinde, B., Omoregie, R., Olley, M., & Anunibe, J. (2011). Urinary tract infection in a rural community of Nigeria. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 3, 75 - 77.
Leung, A., Wong, A., Leung, A., & Hon, K. (2019). Urinary Tract Infection in Children. Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery, 13, 2 - 18.
Storme, O., Saucedo, J., García-Mora, A., Dehesa-Dávila, M., & Naber, K. (2019). Risk factors and predisposing conditions for urinary tract infection. Therapeutic Advances in Urology, 11.
Storme, O., Saucedo, J., García-Mora, A., Dehesa-Dávila, M., & Naber, K. (2019). Risk factors and predisposing conditions for urinary tract infection. Therapeutic Advances in Urology, 11.
Tumbarello, M., Spanu, T., Bidino, R., Marchetti, M., Ruggeri, M., Trecarichi, E., Pascale, G., Proli, E., Cauda, R., Cicchetti, A., & Fadda, G. (2010). Costs of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Escherichia coli and Influence of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase Production and Inadequate Initial Antibiotic Therapy. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 54, 4085 - 4091.
Shaikh, N., Spingarn, R., & Hum, S. (2016). Dimercaptosuccinic acid scan or ultrasound in screening for vesicoureteral reflux among children with urinary tract infections. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 7, CD010657 .
Podda, M., Gerardi, C., Cillara, N., Fearnhead, N., Gomes, C., Birindelli, A., Mulliri, A., Davies, R., & Saverio, S. (2019). Antibiotic Treatment and Appendectomy for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis in Adults and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Annals of Surgery.
