Study of clinical profile and management of age-related macular degeneration at rural tertiary care hospital
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly population after 5th decade. It is a degenerative disorder affecting macula, characterized by drusens and RPE changes. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and Pigment epithelial detachment (PED). Age, Gender, Smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Atherosclerosis, Obesity, Family history, Dietary habits are its known associated risk factors.
Aims/Objective: To Study Clinical profile, Risk factors and Management protocols in patients of Age Related Macular Degeneration at Rural Tertiary Care Hospital
Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional Hospital based study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Total 50 patients were evaluated through structured proforma. Patient’s personal history, medical history, family history, alcohol consumption, smoking, systemic illness history like Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, were studied. Dilated Fundoscopic Examination readings was taken from OPD Patient records. Direct ophthalmoscopy and Slit lamp biomicroscopy with 90D lens were conducted. Management protocols were noted like Medical management, optical management, Reference to higher center. All patients of ARMD Attending Rural Tertiary Care hospital and Patients willing to participate in the study were included. Patients below 40 years of age and Patient having optical media opacities, Myopia, Uveitis, Glaucoma, Cataract, Vitreo retinal diseases were excluded.
Results: Out of 50 study patients, 60% were Females. Most common age group observed was 61-70 years of age. Dry ARMD was seen in 70% patients, Wet ARMD was seen in 30 % patients. Visual acuity was more affected in Wet ARMD than Dry ARMD. Most common risk factors associated with ARMD were history of Hypertension in 70% patients, followed by Diabetes in 55%, Smoking in 57%, Alcohol consumption in 52% patients. Medical treatment was advised to 70% patients; Optical aids were given to 25% patients. 30% patients were referred to higher center; no surgical management was offered to any patients.
Conclusion: ARMD is more commonly seen in patients above 60 years of age and more in females. Dry ARMD seems to be more common than Wet ARMD, however visual disability is more in Wet ARMD.
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References
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